Vahid Jabari; Alireza Safari; Alireza Ranaei
Abstract
Background and objective: In 1393, the daily average of waste produced in Qazvin was 300 tons that Per capita waste generation is 680 grams per person per day. To control these wastes, methods including composting, landfill and waste-to-energy conversion should be applied. The most common method of converting ...
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Background and objective: In 1393, the daily average of waste produced in Qazvin was 300 tons that Per capita waste generation is 680 grams per person per day. To control these wastes, methods including composting, landfill and waste-to-energy conversion should be applied. The most common method of converting waste to energy incineration is done in the power plant. According to the World Bank, to build a waste incineration plant for burning waste without using additional fuel. The calorific value must be at least 7 Mj/kg and not less than 6 Mj/kg .Also the weekly fluctuations should be less than 20%. Materials & Methods: In this study the samples of mixed wastes were taken to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the mixed wastes for one year. The samples were collected during one year. (Saturday, Monday and Thursday of each week) each time 5 samples were taken. To determine the characteristics of the output waste from processing facilities. Analysis of moisture, combustible materials and ash content, heating value were done according to standard criteria. Results: The results showed that the calorific value of Urban mixed waste of Qazvin is 6.133 Mj / Kg. The percentage of moisture was 50.3%, the ash 30.1% and the combustible materials 27. 9% .The calorific value wastes output of processing facilities was 11.8 Mj / Kg. Conclusion:The waste output of processing facilities is more adaptable with Tanner pattern. Due to the high calorific value wastes output from processing facilities and its low moisture content. The Refuse derived fuel facility should be applied for waste management in Qazvin.
Alireza Ranaee; Mahdi Mokhtari; Hosein Alidadi; Mohammad Hasan Ehrampoush
Abstract
Background and objective: Mushroom cultivation has recently been developing in Iran with a production level of 90 tons per year.Approximately 5 kg of waste is generated by producing one kilogram of button mushrooms.These wastes could be refined by using vermicompost technology converting them into valuable ...
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Background and objective: Mushroom cultivation has recently been developing in Iran with a production level of 90 tons per year.Approximately 5 kg of waste is generated by producing one kilogram of button mushrooms.These wastes could be refined by using vermicompost technology converting them into valuable organic fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers as a way to achieve sustainability. This study aimed toconvert button mushroom production wastes into manure and investigate the chemical properties and quality of this fertilizer. Methods: Such wastes as rotten mushrooms, spent mushroom compost (SMC) and peat are generated during the cultivation process of button mushrooms in large quantities. In this study, SMC was vermicomposted in an optimized process of treatment with wood chips, rotten mushrooms, carrot scum and leaves. Quantitative and qualitative indicators and their changes were investigated during six weeks. The obtained results were compared with the National Standards of Vermicompost (No. 13724) and the overall quality was determined in the final product. We used the SPSS software and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at the significance level of 0.05 in order to examine the correlation between the inorganic materialsand changes in other parameters. In addition, Linear Regression Analysis was used to determine the relationship between the studied variables. Results: The results of this study indicated that the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), potassium and total nitrogen in all the treatments increased with time. However, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) levels declined during the vermicomposting process. Furthermore, a significant increase was observed in the C/N ratio in all the treatments by the end of the six‐week period. Therefore, all the fertilizers were classified as Grade one. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, vermicompost process could enhance the indicators of organic fertilizers derived from vermicompost beds. Thus, this method could be suitable for the wastemanagement of button mushroom production in order to achieve a sustainable agriculture. Paper Type: Research Article